Word has gotten around that Apple Cider Vinegar is a health elixir, boasting numerous health benefits as well as being incredibly affordable. But what exactly are these health benefits?

As foul as apple cider vinegar smells and tastes, we have here some health benefits that will make you consider having this “miracle liquid” a part of your health regime.

DIGESTION

You would think that something acidic like apple cider vinegar may cause acid reflux and other gastric problems, but surprisingly, it does the complete opposite. Apple cider vinegar turns alkaline when it enters the digestive system, which in turn helps to balance stomach acids, prevent bloating as well as aids in digestion.

Photo Credit: StyleCraze

HELPS ACNE AND ACNE SCARS

Our skin is naturally acidic, but this acidity is disrupted by the use of face products, which leads to acne problems. Apple cider vinegar solves this but returning the acidity to our skin, which helps to kill bacteria and dead skin cells, leaving your pores smaller, your scars faded and your skin tone more even.

HELPS YOU TO LOSE WEIGHT

If you’re feeling a bit flabby and are looking into ways to lose some of not so loved love handles, you can try taking at least 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar a day to help you in your weight loss journey. Its been proven that consistent consumption of apple cider vinegar over a long period of time can with aid in overall weight loss, especially in the belly area.

Photo Credit: NHS

GOODBYE DANDRUFF

Would you believe us if we told you that apple cider vinegar can help you get rid of your pesky dandruff problems? The enzymes in the apple cider vinegar fight the bacteria and fungus that causes dandruff, helping to open up your clogged pores while acting as a conditioner. Just spritz some apple cider vinegar mixed with water on your scalp and let it do its magic.

LOWERS BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS AND HELPS WITH DIABETES

If you or a loved one are struggling with diabetes, apple cider can help you make it all a little easier. Its been proven that apple cider vinegar helps to reduce blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity. Even if you don’t have diabetes, consuming apple cider vinegar can help in the prevention of future blood sugar problems. Prevention is always better than cure!

PROTECTIVE EFFECTS AGAINST CANCER

If you’re scared of cancer and are looking for preventive measures to take to protect yourself from the possibility of it, you can turn to apple cider vinegar for help. It has been found to have anti-tumor effects, which in turn can reduce your risk of getting cancer.

Photo Credit: Greenteasource

REMOVE STAINS FROM YOUR TEETH 

If you’re embarrassed of smiling because your teeth aren’t as pearly white as you want them to be, don’t worry, apple cider vinegar can you with that problem. Just rub your teeth directly with apple cider vinegar and rinse it off later with water. Give it a few months and your pearly whites will be ready to face the world.

Photo Credit: Tuscaloosaent

SOOTHES A SORE THROAT

Run out of Strepsils or cough syrup? Don’t panic, all you need to do is gargle a mixture of apple cider vinegar and warm water, and it can help you to ease and alleviate the pain in your throat.

In our quest for healthier eats, Acai bowls are a favourite go-to snack post-workouts and post-meals. Sure we all know that acai berries are the superfood of all time, but you can’t help but wonder just what is it that makes the acai berry so special. No need to be intimidated by this small fruit, here we list 10 health benefits of acai berries that will make you want acai in everything.

Just what are Acai berries? They’re a small tiny fruit resembling that of grapes, harvested from South America’s Acai Palm Trees. The taste of the berry can be described as an interesting blend of chocolate and blackberries—a little bit acidic, most parts refreshing and every part delicious.

IMPROVES COGNITIVE ABILITY

Regular intakes of acai berries has been shown to improve cognitive function. Not only does it enhance and improve memory, it also improves overall brain health. This is thanks to numerous antioxidants present in the berry that helps to improve blood flow to the brain, while also lowering stress and inflammation.

Though more research is required, studies suggest that antioxidant-rich diets may lower the risk of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

BOOSTS IMMUNE SYSTEM

Consumption of acai berries boosts the production of fundamental cells that make up our immune systems, such as certain types of white blood cells and delta T cells. Combined with its high concentration of vitamin c, it makes for the perfect smoothie to have to ward off the flu.

IMPROVES HEART HEALTH

One particular antioxidant present in acai berries is known as anthocyanin, regular consumption of which reduces the risk of heart attacks especially in young and middle-aged women.

On top of that, it helps to balance cholesterol levels by boosting production of “good” cholesterol and reducing production of “bad” cholesterol, reducing the risk of narrowing arteries.

ANTICARCINOGENIC PROPERTIES

Though further research is needed to confirm this, consumption of anthocyanin in acai berries have been observed to prevent cancer cell development and induce death of cancer cells, therefore preventing cancer cell invasion and the formation of tumours.

IMPROVES CELLULAR HEALTH

Acai berries are one of the world’s highest ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity) food, ORAC being a measure of how well antioxidants are capable of neutralising free radicals, which would otherwise cause cell damage.

Despite its small size, it has more antioxidants than other fruits such as blueberries and grapes, therefore only small doses are required. A little goes a long way!

BOOSTS ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE

Apart from antioxidants, acai berries also contain fatty amino acids which promote muscle performance, energy production and endurance. It does so by reducing the body’s metabolic stress while reducing the perceived exertion, making them the perfect energy-boosting snack to grab on the go.

AIDS DIGESTION

Rich in fibre, consuming more acai berries helps to cleanse the digestive system and keep it functioning normally, riding us of sluggish digestion and allows for better absorption of nutrients from food.

The powerful detoxification capacities also help to allow the body to carry on burning fat, and also to lose weight.

IMPROVES SKIN CONDITION

Rather than chemical-based skin cares, natural skin care products are always a great alternative. Due to acai berries’ high antioxidant content, acai oil is an extremely popular ingredient in many beauty products.

When consumed, it also provides the nutrients your body requires to give it that healthy glow.

ANTI AGEING

As ageing is relative to cellular damage, acai berries having a high ORAC value means that apart from reducing cellular damage, it also helps to slow down the ageing process.

Apart from reducing effects such as hair loss and cataract formation, application of acai oil also helps to reduce the formation of wrinkles.

IMPROVES LIBIDO

While it’s not an aphrodisiac, it does help improve blood flow and circulation throughout the human body.

Since the lack of blood flow is one of the leading causes of erectile dysfunction and the lack of sexual stamina, acai berry juice is a great alternative to medication for those with such conditions.

Many of us have a morning routine that we are used to doing on a daily basis. Need that cuppa to perk yourself up before heading out to work? How about dragging yourself to the gym before breakfast to get that workout done first thing in the morning?

If one of these scenarios sounds familiar to you, then it is time to break that habit. It is important to set aside time for breakfast to ensure that you have enough fuel to start your day right.

Here are 7 Things You Should Never Do On An Empty Stomach, because they may cause you discomfort and even health issues in the long run.

#1 DRINK ALCOHOL

Those who have tried drinking on an empty stomach would know that it gets them intoxicated much faster. Alcohol goes into the bloodstream at a faster pace and spreads throughout the body quickly.

If you do not wish to end up with a much-dreaded hangover the next say, have a proper meal before you drink.

#2 DRINK COFFEE OR TEA

This is probably the hardest to control of all. To many of us working adults, we really need that cup of caffeine as a morning booster to get through the day. We aren’t saying that you have to stop consuming coffee altogether—just have it after breakfast.

Drinking coffee or tea on an empty stomach increases your stomach’s acid levels and give way to vomiting or constipation issues.

#3 GO TO THE GYM

Nope, you do not lose more weight by exercising on an empty stomach. In fact, you lose muscle mass when you work out on an empty stomach when you do heavy workouts.

Our bodies need proper nutrition with the right amount of fat and protein, so an attempt to exercise without eating will increase your chances of passing out.

Photo Credit: 3babak

#4 TAKE YOUR MEDICINE

There are some medicines to be taken before food but most will require you to take them after a meal. Unless specifically stated by the doctor, it is not wise to consume them on an empty stomach.

You may experience nausea or cramps if you take your medicine before meals as pills can mess with your intestinal lining. Taking medication after food will help your body absorb the pills better.

#5 CONSUME ACIDIC FOOD/FRUITS

Certain food or fruits have chemical properties in them that react badly with your stomach’s acidic juices. Eating tomatoes on an empty stomach create insoluble gels which lead to stomach calculus or also known as ‘stomach stones’.

Bananas are rich in magnesium and consuming the fruit when you are hungry will create an imbalance between magnesium and calcium levels in the body. Other types of food you should avoid include orange, milk and yogurt.

Photo Credit: Appetite For Health

#6 EAT TOO MUCH SUGAR

Your body absorbs sugar quickly when you eat them on an empty stomach, causing a spike in blood sugar levels. High blood sugar increases the risk of damaged cells in your blood vessels.

#7 TRAVEL

You can get nausea or motion sickness when traveling on an empty stomach, especially if it involves traveling long distance such as a road trip. Do not go hungry if you want to keep your energy going throughout the day!

Humans have been consuming milk for thousands of years and it has become a very important part of our diet. As compared to sugary and carbonated drinks, milk is loaded with calcium and minerals which are beneficial for our health.

We consume milk on a daily basis—from pairing it with cereals to adding it into our cake recipes. Even mum constantly reminds us to finish a glass of milk before bedtime when we were younger.

If you have always wondered about the health benefits of drinking milk at night, here are 7 Reasons Why You Should Drink Milk Before You Sleep.

Photo Credit: Mother Jones

#1 HELPS YOU TO SLEEP LIKE A BABY

A glass of warm milk helps to calm your nerves so you can get a good night’s rest. Dairy products such as milk contain an amino acid called tryptophan which helps to induce sleep.

If you have been stressing out over work or school, grab a cup of warm milk and drink it three hours before you head to bed.

#2 AIDS DIGESTION

Regular consumption of milk improves digestion. Those who practice Ayurveda claim that milk provides a special nutrition which you cannot find in other food.

It nourishes all the tissues, balances your hormones and promotes oja—which is a substance produced by the body when there is proper digestion. Ojas are supposed to bring strength, happiness and contentment.

Photo Credit: Spirit Science

#3 STAY FULLER THROUGHOUT THE NIGHT

Don’t you just hate late night hunger pangs? A glass of milk will help to ensure that you remain full for a longer period of time so you do not give in to suppers.

Also, it is a proven fact that children are kept fuller without waking up in the middle of the night due to hunger if they are given a glass of warm milk before sleeping. You are welcome, mummies!

#4 AIDS IN WEIGHT LOSS

As milk helps you feel full longer and sleep better at night, you are less likely to indulge excessively and store unwanted calories in your body. More sleep also means lesser cravings the next day!

But of course, everything in moderation. Don’t overdrink milk too, because the extreme side effect is weight gain!

Photo Credit: Decidedly Nutritious

#5 A GOOD RECOVERY DRINK FOR ATHLETES

There has been research showing that protein synthesis and muscle building dips drastically at night. Drinking a large glass of milk gives you an estimate of 10g of protein and is therefore the source of casein you need so that post-exercise recovery is able to continue during the night.

#6 PROTECTION FOR YOUR BONES

Milk is one of the best sources of Vitamin D, and has the calcium needed to build strong bones.

In addition, regular consumption of milk reduces your chances of getting osteoporosis later in life. As they say, prevention is better than cure!

#7 IMPROVES YOUR SKIN CONDITION

Drinking milk before you head off to dreamland helps prevent collagen and elastic loss, which keeps your skin from sagging and looking wrinkly. As a result, you will look more youthful and healthy.

Hunger pangs striking past midnight again? You are not alone. But instead of going straight for the comforting packet of instant noodles, why not opt for something healthier?

We all know that eating during unearthly hours is unhealthy, but there are a few low-calories snacks we could consume as alternatives to the sinfully processed fast food. They are also a lot more nutritious without compromising on the delicious factor.

From air-popped popcorn to strawberry-banana smoothie, here is our guide to 10 guilt-free supper ideas that are under 150 calories each. Now you know what to eat when you are unable to ignore that growling tummy.

#1 AIR POPPED POPCORN

Air-popped popcorn is a great supper snack due to its negligible sugar, sodium and saturated fat contents. Pour a handful into an 0.3 oz cup and enjoy your snack! Air-popped pop corn is high in dietary fibre and has literally no cholesterol.

Number of calories: 31 (0.3 oz cup)

#2 APPLE

Apples are high anti-oxidants food, which also simultaneously decreases the risk of diabetes, detoxifies the liver and boosts your immune system. An apple a day indeed keeps the doctor away! With an impressive list of other health benefits such as reducing Alzheimer’s, cholesterol level and tooth decay – an apple for a supper is definitely a great idea.

Number of calories: 78 (a small apple)

#3 CRACKERS

You can devour 10 pieces of thin squarish saltine crackers at just 120 calories! That is way better than picking up a handful of sinful potato chips which will cost you a few folds more calories.

Number of calories: 120 (10 pieces)

#4 FROZEN FRUIT BAR

Forget the artificially sweetened popsicles. You can get an equally delicious frozen fruit bar at just 25 calories if you were to prepare it yourself! Blend a mixture of tropical fruits with fresh lemon juice and two table spoons of water before freezing them in ice-pop moulds.

Number of calories: 25

#5 HARD BOILED EGG

Starving but too troublesome to head out and too lazy cook a decent dish (with more than one ingredient)? Simply start the water boiling and place a large egg inside! Boiling an egg is a fuss-free cooking and cleaning process. The best part is that it only costs you 78 calories.

Number of calories: 78

#6 HONEYDEW

The fragrant honeydew actually fills one up quickly with its high-water content; in fact, 90% of the fruit consists of water! It is also a healing fruit with its high copper and vitamin C level, which improves the skin’s condition by facilitating the production of collagen.

Number of calories: 57 (a wedge)

#7 GREEK YOGHURT

A cup of greek yogurt only sets you back 137 calories and offers a high amount of calcium that your body will need. The dairy product facilitates your digestive system and also helps to refuel your body with healthy bacteria.

Number of calories: 137 (8.6 oz cup)

#8 RED SEEDLESS GRAPES

Dig into a generous cup of red seedless grapes and be comforted knowing that it contains less than a gram of fat! Red seedless grapes also contain the essential but commonly unheard Vitamin K – it reduces the probability of osteoporosis.

Number of calories: 62 (1 cup)

#9 STRAWBERRY BANANA SMOOTHIE

Prepare a freshly blended strawberry banana smoothie made with 3/4 cup of strawberries, 3/4 of unsweetened almond coconut blend and half a banana (recipe by Scattered Thoughts Of A Crafty Mom). The tasty beverage not only fills you up but also provides various health benefits. Whoever thought that a fruit smoothie is a sinful treat is wrong!

Number of calories: 135

#10 TUNA SALAD

You will be surprised by how the combination of canned tuna with cider vinegar and shredded vegetables can taste so yummy yet remain so healthy. Getting your essential dose of omega-3 and fibre content at any time of the day would never a guilty consumption.

Number of calories: 125

We’re in the century where almost everything can be done with your smartphone – so why not use it to keep in the pink of health? Let’s face it – we do need all the help we can get in that area.

I know there are millions of apps out there so I’ve helped you to cut through the fluff and pick out the best free health and fitness apps, for various categories. I’ve found them to be really helpful and I hope they’ll help you too. Plus, they’re free!

1. CALORIE TRACKING – MYFITNESSPAL (AVAILABLE IN ITUNES STORE AND GOOGLE PLAY MARKET)

Seriously, this app has one of the largest and most comprehensive food database out there. I’ve logged things from black carrot cake, to a square of Lindt dark chocolate, to Nescafe Ipoh White Coffee. The only setback I’ve experienced is getting the calorie count for salads – most times you have to key in the ingredients individually (eg. “Broccoli – one cup”, followed by “Avocado – half”, “Cherry Tomatoes – half cup”, etc). You can even log exercises you’ve done, which gives you a rough calculation of how many calories you’ve burnt. The app tracks your progress and allows you to add friends so you can motivate each other.

2. CIRCUIT TRAINING APP – SWORKIT (AVAILABLE IN ITUNES STORE AND GOOGLE PLAY MARKET)

I love this app so much because it gives me a hard and varied work out anywhere and anytime – no equipment necessary. The app was designed and created by an ex-officer in the US Army and lets you choose between “Strength and Cardio”, “Yoga and Stretching” and “Custom Workouts”, where you can create your own circuit. Each category is then further broken down into many types like “full body”, “upper body”, “cardio – light warm up”, “head to toe warm-up stretch” and even exercises like “Office Chair Refresher”, “Golfer Workout” and “Pregnancy – full body”.

The free version makes you do 30 seconds of a movement shown on the screen (you can clarify the movement by tapping on the exercise and watching a short video), with a break after a few exercises. Work outs range from five to 60 minutes. The paid version will allow you to customise activity and rest duration.

3. INTERVAL TRAINING TIMER – IMPETUS INTERVAL TIMER (ONLY AVAILABLE IN GOOGLE PLAY MARKET)

Whether you’re a basic user or someone who wants to customise the intervals for a detailed workout, this app can do it all. Pick from a list of preset timings for suggested workouts, or set your own activity and rest durations. What I also love is how you can save or copy the different interval settings for easy reuse or creating the next time.

The beeps are loud and distinct – you’ll definitely be able to hear it over your music – and you can also programme it to countdown the last three seconds before the rest or activity set. The app runs in the background so it doesn’t matter if you’re fiddling with your playlist – the timing won’t pause. The simple, minimalist interface is a nice bonus too!

4. RUNNING – RUNKEEPER (AVAILABLE IN ITUNES STORE AND GOOGLE PLAY MARKET)

Runkeeper is one of the most popular running apps out there. Besides the myriad functions available – tracking your distance, speed, calories burnt accurately; get work out plans and coaching to prepare for marathons; sharing your progress with your friends, and more – its popularity means many external companies have chosen to link up with it. This, I feel, is what makes it a winner.

There are other apps that work as well as Runkeeper does, for tracking your runs. But Runkeeper can be synced with apps like MyFitnessPal, Fitocracy, Zombies Run; GPS heart-rate monitor watches; pedometers and activity tracking bands like Jawbone Up. So all you need is one running app to accompany your other forms of fitness tracking – so convenient.

5. PERSONAL TRAINING APP – BODBOT (AVAILABLE IN ITUNES STORE AND GOOGLE PLAY MARKET)

A personal trainer and nutritionist in one – you’ll get a tailored exercise and eating plan with this app. You sign up for an account and then first set a couple of things, like your fitness goal, whether you prefer working out in the gym or at home, how hard you want to exercise and the schedule. You will then see the exercises planned for you, on the days you’ve indicated you can work out. You check off the exercises on the days as you go.

The free version unfortunately only comes with the exercise advice – but I think that’s already pretty awesome, considering it’s a free app. You can access the nutritional information with a $10 monthly subscription – a steal if you really need help with your diet. It helps to track your macro-nutrients (think vitamins and minerals) on top of your carbohydrate, protein and fat intake – a huge step up from any other calorie tracker out there.

6. YOGA – DAILY YOGA (AVAILABLE IN ITUNES STORE AND GOOGLE PLAY MARKET

Whether you’re looking to relax, lose weight, tone up a certain part of your body or do some sun salutations, you’ll find a suitable practice in this app. The initial menu is actually empty – you fill it up with whatever programme you want to try and there is enough variety with the free ones. My only gripe is that you are redirected to the app store to download the programme, which can be a tad annoying if you are downloading a few at a go.

Nonetheless, you only need to do this once. During a session, soothing music is played and instructions are read out to you while an instructor does the poses real-time in a video. While the app says it is suitable for beginners, and does provide resources to educate one, I find that a complete newbie should attend several yoga classes in person first, to learn about the right postures. There’s nothing like having a teacher correct your posture in person – this is so you don’t hurt yourself attempting something from the app, at home. A nice little bonus is a list of 6 relaxing songs you can play during the session.

7. NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION – FOODUCATE (FREE ON ITUNES STORE AND GOOGLE PLAY MARKET)

This app is currently geared more for the American food product market, but it’s still really useful for us Singaporeans since we do get a lot of US food items in our supermarkets. Fooducate does help you track your food intake and exercise, but what I like about this app is how it highlights to you, the pros and cons of a particular item or dish (eg. It is high in vitamin C, or protein, low in fibre, etc).

Especially when they contain hidden nasties like sugar, high fructose corn syrup and trans fat. You can personalise your app so it picks out additional things you want to be notified about. Can’t take gluten? Put that into the app and you’ll find out if a product has gluten, when you look it up. I think this is most handy for cutting through brands’ marketing tricks – especially those that claim to be selling you a healthy product, when it’s really not.

About the writer:
Ruby Tan used to write for Her World, and is now a freelance writer with a dream to travel the world. She believes that the some of best things in life don’t have to be bought. If you want to make a friend, share travel tips and advice, or even to discuss deeply about life, write to her at rubytan.work@gmail.com

Health is one of the most precious things in life, but we often neglect it. Dr Martin from Orchard Health Clinic shares with us 10 Simple Health Tips that everyone should know, and must incorporate into our daily lives.

Move

You can spend a small fortune on the right chair. One of the best ways to save your back and body from the stresses of long hours sitting at work is just move. Every 45 minutes or so stretch, get a drink of water. This improves blood supply, improves concentration and refreshes your body.

Stop

One of the posture tips I give my clients is to remember why standing on two legs is an advantage over animals that stand on four. We can see further and so find food or avoid predators. Nowadays we hardly look further than 6 inches in front of our faces. This strains our eyes and hurts our spine.

Stand up, look out a window or better yet, stand somewhere with a great view and just look as far as the eye can see. Relax your shoulders, body and just stand in the more comfortable position to look far and wide and your body will do the rest.

Drink more water.

Not so called ‘healthy waters’ with added vitamins, normally they are just full of sugar or worse. You want vitamins get them from your diet, not stealth junk drinks that have been fortified to appear healthier.

Stop AGE!

We need sugar for energy, that’s true. What we don’t need is the excess hidden sugar. We will get enough sugar in our normal diet. Too much sugar can damage your skin, cause age spots, diabetes and make you fat. Advanced Glycation End products (AGE), toxins produced by amino acids reacting with sugars, especially High Fructose Corn Syrups bind to collagen and become sticky messes which create wrinkles and skin problems.

Hold the latte.

While having calcium is good, those lattes, even the skinny ones add up. In 2000, Tom Hanks had to go from an overweight man to a thin one with all the help of Hollywood’s top trainers and dieticians. What was his big secret? A splash of milk is fine, but ditch the lattes.

Watch out for LIGHT versions.

Don’t be fooled by so called healthy versions. 99% Fat free might mean 99% full of sugar. Low in calories might mean packed for of salt or chemicals. I remember looking at a bottle of water claiming to be 100% fat free and wondering why they would even put that there. Often companies just want to appear healthy, but for their benefit not yours.

While people argue about the effects of sugar free chemicals on the body, try giving your cat the ‘diet version’ of a drink and see how far that gets you. If it’s not good enough for your pets, it is NOT good enough for you.

Being green is good, being mean is not.

While its great to save the Earth, reusing plastic bottles for storage or water is not smart. BPA’s are often found in plastic containers, especially water bottles and are chemicals that act like estrogen a female sex hormone. This can have damaging effects on males and fertility and cause imbalances to women’s own natural hormone cycles. Degrading plastics are a prime culprit and they build up over time. Stop being lazy clean those cups.

Health food bars.

I remember being amazed watching people taking their protein bars, sports drinks and energy boost packs, then complaining about not being able to lose weight. Unless you really are competing for the Olympics, it’s your profession or you are already in excellent condition do you really need that double chocolate chip cookie dough ultimate energy boost bar?

Eat Fat!

Yes, you heard right. Eat fat. No, not trans fats, not oily junk food but essential fatty acids (EFA’s). I once asked a patient who was complaining of poor health and skin issues to eat more vegetables and reduce junk food. She came back a week later saying she ate more vegetables but still feel bad. I asked her what vegetables and she said McDonalds Fries twice a day. My jaw literally dropped open.

So, let me be specific here. Eat more good fats called EFA’s.

EFA’s are called essential as your body cannot make its own source. EFA’s are mostly all those strange coded words we see nowadays. Omega 3’s, ALA’s help to protect the heart, lower cholesterol, improve your skin, improve your immunity. We get good sources of these in fish such as Salmon, nuts like walnuts, Soya and Flaxseeds.

So sprinkle some flaxseeds on your food as honestly, they don’t really taste of anything. They will boost your health, improve your skin and improve concentration levels.

MSG in a bottle. Once you pop you can’t stop is what a well known brand of chip makers claim. There is very good scientific evidence while most brands of chip are hard to resist and that is because of MSG. Monosodium Glutamate not only makes food extra yummy to us, it also suppresses are desire to stop eating. Great news for the people making the product, not so great for you or your waist. Also MSG is hidden, various names it goes under are: Hydolyzed Protein, Hydrolyzed Animal protein, Hydrolyzed Vegtable Protein, Hydrolyzed oat flour, Plant Protein Extract, Calcium caseinate, Yeast extract, textured protein, autolyzed yeast, and often called a flavour enhancer.

About the writer Martin John is a UK registered osteopath who has been living in Singapore for the past 13 years. With over a decade of professional experience, he is well-versed in the Singaporean lifestyle. He specialises in sports injuries, pain management and exercise prescription. He frequently treats common conditions like back pain and neck pain as well as deal with more complicated cases like arthritis, slipped disc, disc bulge, scoliosis and hip impingements. His aim is to provide drug-free treatments in a safe effective manner and is also a strong advocate of lifelong learning. For more information, go to http://www.orchardhealthclinic.com/.